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englisch:participles-relative-clauses

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Participle constructions instead of relative clauses

What are participles and how can they be used?

There are two different participle forms in English. Here’s how they are formed:

  1. the present participle: it is formed by adding “-ing” to the end of the verb (e.g. talking, listening, writing)
  2. the past participle: it is formed by adding “-ed” to the end of the verb, it is the “3rd verb form” of any verb (e.g. talked, listened, written)

How are they used?

Both participles are part of various [verschieden] other grammar constructions, e.g.

  1. the present participle
    1. is part of the progressive form (I am walking)
    2. can be used to make an (active) adjective from a verb (the winning team)
    3. can be used as a gerund (Walking is good for you)
  2. the past participle
    1. is part of the perfect verb forms – present perfect and past perfect (I have walked, I had walked)
    2. can be used to make a (passive) adjective from a verb (the defeated team)

On this page, you can learn another common [verbreitet] use of participles: They can be used to replace [ersetzen] relative clauses.

In general [allgemein gesprochen], the present participle often has an active meaning and the past participle often has a passive meaning.

Participles to replace relative clauses

englisch/participles-relative-clauses.1494764568.txt.gz · Zuletzt geändert: 06.08.2020 (10:37) (Externe Bearbeitung)

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