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englisch:participles-relative-clauses

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englisch:participles-relative-clauses [14.05.2017 (07:57)] – angelegt retemirabileenglisch:participles-relative-clauses [06.08.2020 (11:28)] (aktuell) – Externe Bearbeitung 127.0.0.1
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-====== Participle constructions instead of relative clauses ======+====== Participle constructions instead of relative clauses  ====== 
 + 
 +===== What are participles and how can they be used? ===== 
 + 
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 + 
 +There are two different participle forms in English. Here’s how they are formed:  
  
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-There are two different participle forms in English and they are used in various [verschieden] constructinos  
   - the **present participle**: it is formed by adding “-ing” to the end of the verb (e.g. talking, listening, writing)   - the **present participle**: it is formed by adding “-ing” to the end of the verb (e.g. talking, listening, writing)
   - the **past participle**: it is formed by adding “-ed” to the end of the verb, it is the “3rd verb form” of any verb (e.g. talked, listened, written)   - the **past participle**: it is formed by adding “-ed” to the end of the verb, it is the “3rd verb form” of any verb (e.g. talked, listened, written)
  
 +==== How are they used? ====
  
-Both participles are part of various other grammar constructions, e.g.  + 
-  - the present participle +Both participles are part of various [verschieden] other grammar constructions, e.g.  
 +  - the **present participle** 
     - is part of the progressive form (I am **walking**)     - is part of the progressive form (I am **walking**)
     - can be used to make an (active) adjective from a verb (the **winning** team)     - can be used to make an (active) adjective from a verb (the **winning** team)
     - can be used as a gerund (**Walking** is good for you)     - can be used as a gerund (**Walking** is good for you)
-  - the past participle+  - the **past participle**
     - is part of the perfect verb forms – present perfect and past perfect (I have **walked**, I had **walked**)     - is part of the perfect verb forms – present perfect and past perfect (I have **walked**, I had **walked**)
     - can be used to make a (passive) adjective from a verb (the **defeated** team)     - can be used to make a (passive) adjective from a verb (the **defeated** team)
 +
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 On this page, you can learn another common [verbreitet] use of participles: They can be used to replace [ersetzen] relative clauses.  On this page, you can learn another common [verbreitet] use of participles: They can be used to replace [ersetzen] relative clauses. 
 +
 +
 +===== Participles to replace relative clauses =====
 +
 +Speakers of English often use participle constructions instead of relative clauses. Compare the following constructions. Both of them have the same meaning. 
 +
 +|<100% 5% 46% >|
 +^#^relative clause construction^participle construction^
 +^1|One morning I saw a man **who walked** along the river. |One morning I saw a man **walking** along the river. |
 +^2|The person **who was walking** next to me looked really tired.|The pupil **walking** next to me looked really tired.|
 +^3|We visited the city **which was mentioned** in our travel guide. |We visited the city **mentioned** in our travel guide. |
  
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-In general [allgemein gesprochen]the **present participle** often has an **active** meaning and the **past participle** often has a **passive** meaning.  + 
 +  * As you can see, the participle construction on the right replaces [ersetzen] the relative clause construction on the left. The meaning of both constructions is the same. Participle constructions are especially common in written English. They sound more formal [förmlich] than relative clauses.   
 +  * The **present participle** has an **active** meaning (walking) and the **past participle** has a **passive** meaning (mentioned). 
 + 
 +  * The **present participle** can replace a simple form or a progressive form (see examples 1 + 2). 
 +  * In German, you usually translate a participle construction with a relative clause because the German language doesn’t have such a construction.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 + 
  
 +===== Practice =====
  
-===== Participles to replace relative clauses =====+  * [[https://www.ego4u.de/de/cram-up/grammar/participles/exercises?06|Relativsatz durch Partizipialkonstruktion ersetzen]] 
  
 +{{tag>grammar englisch}}
englisch/participles-relative-clauses.1494741443.txt.gz · Zuletzt geändert: 06.08.2020 (10:37) (Externe Bearbeitung)

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